Ayodhya—The Capital of Kosala

In ancient times, the kingdom of Kosala was ruled by the Ikshvaku dynasty, named after its first king. The city of Ayodhya, situated on the banks of the Sarayu River, served as Kosala's capital. This lineage produced many notable rulers, such as Harishchandra, Sagara, Bhagiratha, Dilipa, Raghu, Aja, Dasharatha, and Lord Rama.

Ayodhya was a vast and splendid city, fortified by immense boundary walls on all sides for protection. A wide moat surrounded the walls, and thousands of armed soldiers safeguarded the city. At the heart of Ayodhya stood the royal palace, from which eight roads led out of the city. The city was adorned with lovely groves, lakes, and gardens. Under the reign of the Ikshvaku dynasty, Ayodhya was prosperous, and its citizens wealthy. Ethics were central to the lives of the people, ensuring the city remained peaceful and its inhabitants stood united in times of both happiness and sorrow.

Emperor Dasharatha ruled the kingdom of Kosala with integrity and compassion. No one in his kingdom was ever discontented. Dasharatha had three beautiful queens—Kaushalya, Sumitra, and Kaikeyi—and a trustworthy prime minister, Sumantra. The court also included royal priests like Vashishtha, Vamadeva, and Javali, who advised the emperor on important matters.