The Births of Rama and His Brothers

Despite his wealth and splendor, King Dasharatha was unhappy because he had no children to continue his dynasty. His ministers and royal priests proposed that he conduct a Putrakameshti Yagya in order to bear a child. 

Sumantra suggested inviting Sage Shringi to conduct the yagya, which took place on the Sarayu riverbank in Ayodhya. During the ritual, the gods approached Lord Vishnu and pleaded, "O Lord, the demons and their king, Ravana, have become exceedingly powerful and threaten the existence of gods and humans alike. King Dasharatha is currently conducting a yagya to beget children. Please be born as four sons to him and his queens and vanquish the demons."

Vishnu graciously agreed. At his behest, the fire god, Agni, appeared in the sacrificial fire with a pudding plate. He addressed Dasharatha saying, "O King, the gods have sent me with this plate of pudding. Give it to your queens; after they consume it, they will bear four great sons."

The King gave half of the sacred pudding to his eldest queen, Kaushalya. He then gave half of what remained to Sumitra. He divided what was left into two equal parts, gave one to Kaikeyi and the other again to Sumitra.

In due course, the queens soon gave birth to four divine boys. Kaushalya's son was named Rama, Kaikeyi's Bharata, and Sumitra's twins were named Lakshmana and Shatrughna. A lavish celebration was held at the palace. Based on the division of the pudding into four portions among the queens, Rama was half Vishnu, Lakshmana one-fourth Vishnu, and Bharata and Shatrughana were one-eighth Vishnu.